Holiday Project – The Industrial Revolution and The Digital Revolution (Year 8)


As you study history and the Industrial Revolution, you are aware that you are also a part of a great revolution – The Digital Revolution.

You  holiday project is going to be a compilation of research done by all of you. Year 8 G will find out details on important inventions of the Industrial Revolution. Year 8 B will research details on inventions and advances in the Digital Revolution. Each student will just pick one invention.

Your efforts will be compiled. I invite suggestions of how they may be compiled.

Your deadline is 20th October 2013.

Post the invention you will be researching in the comment box. Go ahead with your research after I have approved of it.

All the best.

74 thoughts on “Holiday Project – The Industrial Revolution and The Digital Revolution (Year 8)

  1. During the industrial revolution the most important or greatest invention (I’m talking about the 18th century, though) was factories. And the steam engine for being able to drive the looms and mills.

    They provided a lot of opportunity for poorer people by providing jobs.
    It helped people gain more money, also.
    Factories had their cons though, too. Factories had very poor working conditions and having as young as 6 year olds working in them and things like that.

  2. Telegraph
    Before the age of smartphones and laptops, people still used technology to communicate- But offcourse at a slower pace — with an Industrial Revolution invention called the telegraph.

  3. The Industrial Revolution that occurred in the 19th century was of great importance to the economic future of the United States. Three industrial developments led the way to industrialization in America:

    Transportation was expanded.
    Electricity was effectively harnessed.
    Improvements were made to industrial processes.

    Following is a list of key events and dates of the Industrial Revolution.
    Person
    Invention
    Date
    James Watt First reliable Steam Engine 1775
    Eli Whitney Cotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for muskets 1793, 1798
    Robert Fulton Regular Steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807
    Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph 1836
    Elias Howe Sewing Machine 1844
    Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe’s Sewing Machine 1851
    Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable 1866
    Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876
    Thomas Edison Phonograph, First Long-Lasting Incandescant Light Bulb 1877, 1879
    Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor 1888
    Rudolf Diesel Diesel Engine 1892
    Orville and Wilbur Wright First Airplane 1903
    Henry Ford Model T Ford, Large-Scale Moving Assembly Line 1908, 1913

  4. Why is Industrial Revolution important? Here is what i found:

    The invention of machinery drastically changed the methods of production. First, there was a change from the slower and more expensive production by hand to the quicker and less costly production by machine. However, machines could not be placed in the homes of individual workers, because machines were too expensive. Instead, they were installed in a factory, a building devoted exclusively to the production of goods. This brought about a second change : from working in the home to working in the factory. To describe these changes in production from hand to machine and from home to factory, we use the term Industrial Revolution.

  5. Alexander Graham Bell was the son and grandson of authorities in elocution and the correction of speech. Educated to pursue a career in the same specialty, his knowledge of the nature of sound led him not only to teach the deaf, but also to invent the telephone.In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.

  6. A laptop is a portable personal computer with a clam shell form factor, suitable for mobile use. A laptop has most of the same components as a desktop computer, including a display, a keyboard, a pointing device such as a touch pad (also known as a track pad) and/or a pointing stick, and speakers into a single unit. A laptop is powered by mains electricity via an AC adapter, and can be used away from an outlet using a rechargeable battery. Laptops are also sometimes called notebook computers or notebooks. Other terms, such as ultra books or net books, refer to specific types of laptop / notebook. Most of the modern day laptop computers also have a webcam and a mic (microphone) per-installed.
    Portable computers, originally monochrome CRT-based and developed into the modern laptops, were originally considered to be a small niche market, mostly for specialized field applications such as the military, accountants and sales representatives. As portable computers became smaller, lighter, cheaper, and more powerful and as screens became larger and of better quality, laptops became very widely used for a variety of purposes.

  7. A mobile phone (also known as a cellular phone, cell phone, and a hand phone) is a device that can make and receive telephone calls over a radio link while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a cellular network provided by a mobile phone operator, allowing access to the public telephone network. By contrast, a cordless telephone is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.

    In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other services such as text messaging, MMS, email, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (Bluetooth), business applications, gaming and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as smartphones.

    The first hand-held mobile phone was demonstrated by John F. Mitchell and Dr Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973, using a handset weighing around 2.2 pounds (1 kg).In 1983, the DynaTAC 8000x was the first to be commercially available. From 1990 to 2011, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from 12.4 million to over 6 billion, penetrating about 87% of the global population and reaching the bottom of the economic pyramid.

  8. A tablet computer, is a mobile computer with display, circuitry and battery in a single unit. Tablets are equipped with sensors, including cameras, microphone, accelerometer and touchscreen, with finger or stylus gestures replacing computer mouse and keyboard. Tablets may include physical buttons, e.g., to control basic features such as speaker volume and power and ports for network communications and to charge the battery. An on-screen, popup virtual keyboard is usually used for typing.

    The tablet computer and its associated operating system began with the development of pen computing. Electrical devices with data input and output on a flat information display existed as early as 1888 with the telautograph, which used a sheet of paper as display and a pen attached toelectromechanical actuators.

    Among tablets available in 2012, the top-selling line of devices was Apple’s iPad with 100 million sold by mid October 2012 since its release on April 3, 2010, followed by Amazon’s Kindle Fire with 7 million, and Barnes & Noble’s Nook with 5 million. As of May 2013, over 70% of mobile developers were targeting tablets.

  9. IllumiRoom is a Microsoft Research project that augments a television screen with images projected onto the wall and surrounding objects. The current proof-of-concept uses a Kinect sensor and video projector. The Kinect sensor captures the geometry and colors of the area of the room that surrounds the television, and the projector displays video around the television that corresponds to a video source on the television, such as a video game or movie.

    The IllumiRoom concept is based on prior work and research using focus-plus-context screens and projection mapping. The focus-plus-context technology generally uses a high resolution screen surrounded by a lower resolution display. Microsoft’s CHI 2013 research paper cites Philips’ Ambilight as an example of a focus-plus-context display. In the case of IllumiRoom, the television represents the high resolution screen and the surrounding projection is the lower resolution display. The purpose of this technology is to provide the user with additional visual information in the visual periphery, both simulating and taking advantage of peripheral vision. While the center of a person’s gaze is in high-resolution and is sensitive to color and detail, peripheral vision is less sensitive to color and detail, but highly sensitive to movement.
    IllumiRoom combines the focus-plus-context concept with real-time projection mapping. This allows the system to be used in any room, not just one where a television is surrounded by flat, white wall.

  10. A DVD player is a device that plays discs produced under both the DVD-Video and DVD-Audio technical standards, two different and incompatible standards.Some manufacturers originally announced that DVD players would be available as early as the middle of 1996. The first players appeared in Japan in November, 1996, followed by U.S. players in March, 1997, with distribution limited to only 7 major cities for the first 6 months. Players slowly trickled into other regions around the world. Prices for the first players in 1997 were $1000 and up. By the end of 2000, players were available for under $100 at discount retailers. In 2003 players became available for under $50. Six years after the initial launch, close to one thousand models of DVD players were available from over a hundred consumer electronics manufacturers.

    Fujitsu supposedly released the first DVD-ROM-equipped computer on Nov. 6 in Japan. Toshiba released a DVD-ROM-equipped computer and a DVD-ROM drive in Japan in early 1997 (moved back from December which was moved back from November). DVD-ROM drives from Toshiba, Pioneer, Panasonic, Hitachi, and Sony began appearing in sample quantities as early as January 1997, but none were available before May.

  11. Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome (black-and-white) or colored, with or without accompanying sound.

    Commercially available since the late 1920s, the television set has become commonplace in homes, businesses and institutions, particularly as a vehicle for advertising, a source of entertainment, and news. Since the 1950s, television has been the main medium for molding public opinion. Since the 1970s, the availability of video cassettes, laserdiscs, DVDs and now Blu-ray Discs have resulted in the television set frequently being used for viewing recorded as well as broadcast material. In recent years, Internet television has seen the rise of television available via the Internet through services such as iPlayer and Hulu.

    Although other forms such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) are in use, the most common usage of the medium is for broadcast television, which was modeled on the existing radio broadcasting systems developed in the 1920s, and uses high-powered radio-frequency transmitters to broadcast the television signal to individual TV receivers.

    A standard television set comprises multiple internal electronic circuits, including those for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is properly called a video monitor, rather than a television. A television system may use different technical standards such as digital television (DTV) and high-definition television (HDTV). Television systems are also used for surveillance, industrial process control, and guiding of weapons, in places where direct observation is difficult or dangerous. Some studies have found a link between infancy exposure to television and ADHD. Finally I would like to say that televisions have become an essential part of our life

      1. Advanced television is an array of features enabled by digital technology that significantly change analog television as it has come to be known during the 20th century. Today, advanced television can be characterized by four features: time shifting, address-ability, interactivity and interoperability.

        • Time shifting allows the audience to control when content will be seen. Digital video recorders (DVRs) and video on demand (VOD) are the two technologies that enable time shifting of television programming. In the US at year-end 2008, 29.8 million (27% of TV households) were DVR subscribers and 41.7 million households (37% of total TV households) were VOD enabled. “In Singapore, the upstart mioTV (an IPTV service provided by incumbent telcoSingTel) has a robust VOD offering that includes movies, local content and more than 50 popular US programs as early as 24 hours after the programs’ US premieres. Content is supplied on a subscription basis.”
        • Address-ability allows the advertisers to direct messages to subsets of the audience; the audience can also self select (address to self) the content and commercial messages they receive.
        • Interactivity empowers the audience to respond to or bypass content; the advertiser and media can benefit financially from measuring audience response. Now television commercials can enable audience response to a variety of offers using the standard remote. The same response mechanisms that can be used to ask the audience for information or transactional responses can serve as the basis for consumer database marketing. And with that, it becomes natural for media advertising, relationship marketing, and promotion to converge. In India, “Dish TV (India’s leading satellite service) allows a viewer to access information about their bank account and various banking products held at India’s largest bank.”
        • Interoperability means that the same program and commercial content viewed using a television receiver can cross platforms and be viewed across a multiplicity of platforms/appliances, not just the TV, but also the PC, the mobile handset, the iPod, etc. From a technical standpoint, interoperability between media platforms “requires that all the media has to adopt the same fundamental compression scheme.”

        Furthermore talking about televisions advance we have the advance in the display sections also first television used to be bulky because they were CRTs (cathode ray tube) and now they are LCD (liquid crystal display) and LED (light emitting diode) that allow them to be slim and light this is one of the major advance in television.

        This is the way televisions have evolved during the years, and scientist are still finding more ways to evolve and improve television.

  12. A smart watch or smart watch, is a computerized wristwatch with functionality that is enhanced beyond timekeeping, and is often comparable to a personal digital assistant (PDA) device. While early models can perform basic tasks, such as calculations, translations, and game-playing, modern smart watches are effectively wearable computers. Many smart watches run mobile apps, while a smaller number of models run a mobile operating system and function as portable media players, offering playback of FM radio, audio, and video files to the user via a Bluetooth headset. Some smartphone models, (also called watch phones) feature full mobile phone capability, and can make or answer phone calls.[citation needed]

    Such devices may include features such as a camera, accelerometer, altimeter, compass, calculator, cell phone, touch screen, GPS navigation, Map display, graphical display, speaker, watch, SD cards that are recognized as a mass storage device by a computer, etc. and Rechargeable battery. It may communicate with a wireless headset, heads-up display, modem, or other devices.

    Some have “sport watch” functionality as seen in GPS watches made for Training, Diving, and Outdoor sports. Functions may include training programs (such as intervals), Lap times, speed display, GPS tracking unit, , Heart rate monitor compatibility, Cadence sensor compatibility, and compatibility with sport transitions (as in triathlons).

    Like other computers, a smart watch may collect information from internal or external sensors. It may control, or retrieve data from, other instruments or computers. It may support wireless technologies like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS. However, it is possible a “wristwatch computer” may just serve as a front end for a remote system, as in the case of watches utilizing cellular technology or Wi-Fi.

    Smart watches takes digital technology to a whole new level. They are the next generation of watches , and they are awesome !

  13. A digital camera (or digicam) is a camera that encodes digital images and videos digitally and stores them for later reproduction. Most cameras sold today are digital, and digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles.
    Digital camera technology is directly related to and evolved from the same technology that recorded television images. In 1951, the first video tape recorder (VTR) captured live images from television cameras by converting the information into electrical impulses (digital) and saving the information onto magnetic tape. Bing Crosby laboratories (the research team funded by Crosby and headed by engineer John Mullin) created the first early VTR and by 1956, VTR technology was perfected (the VR1000 invented by Charles P. Ginsburg and the Ampex Corporation) and in common use by the television industry. Both television/video cameras and digital cameras use a CCD (Charged Coupled Device) to sense light color and intensity.
    During the 1960s, NASA converted from using analog to digital signals with their space probes to map the surface of the moon (sending digital images back to earth). Computer technology was also advancing at this time and NASA used computers to enhance the images that the space probes were sending.

  14. One of the important inventions during the industrial revolution is the Diesel Engine. Here is some information on it:
    Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (March 18, 1858 – September 29, 1913) was a German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the diesel engine.
    A diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine) is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency of any standard internal or external combustion engine due to its very high compression ratio. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.
    The world’s largest diesel engine is currently a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C Common Rail marine diesel of about 84,420 kW (113,210 hp).

  15. laptop is a good point made but it is somehow wrong
    the digital computer is the invention and laptop is a modification made out of it.

  16. the invention i have got is the faxing machine which many of us know.
    Fax Machine
    It once was the center of modern office technology, spitting out reams of important documents as they poured in from around the world, letting business people exchange printed information as fast as they could across the telephone lines.
    The fax machine is still an important piece of office technology, despite the advances that e-mail and the Internet have wrought. Its strange voice — a series of beeps, squeaks and hisses — that remains familiar to all who work in the business world. Many people even have fax machines in their homes.
    The fax-machine concept dates back more than a hundred years. The technology has been in place almost as long and was heavily influenced by another technology of the day — the telegraph, the first technology that allowed humans to send information instantly to distant points via electric wires.

  17. PRINTER
    in computing, a printer is a peripheral which makes a representation of an electronic document on physical media. Individual printers are designed to support local and network users at the same time. Some printers can print documents stored on memory cards or from digital cameras and scanners.

  18. PROJECTOR
    Image projector, a device that projects an image on a surface3D projection, a method of mapping three-dimensional points to a two-dimensional plane.Video projector, a device that projects a video signal from computer, home theater system etc.Movie projector, a device that projects moving pictures from a filmstripSlide projector, a device that projects a still image with a transparent baseOverhead projector, a device that projects a transparent imageOpaque projector, a predecessor to the overhead projectorPlanetarium projector, a device that projects images of sky objects

  19. The world’s first computer printer was a 19th-century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his difference engine.[1]

    A virtual printer is a piece of computer software whose user interface and API resembles that of a printer driver, but which is not connected with a physical computer printer.

  20. Today’s personal computers are drastically different from the massive, hulking machines that emerged out of World War II–and the difference isn’t only in their size. By the 1970s, technology had evolved to the point that individuals–mostly hobbyists and electronics buffs–could purchase unassembled PCs or “microcomputers” and program them for fun, but these early PCs could not perform many of the useful tasks that today’s computers can. Users could do mathematical calculations and play simple games, but most of the machines’ appeal lay in their novelty. Today, hundreds of companies sell personal computers, accessories and sophisticated software and games, and PCs are used for a wide range of functions from basic word processing to editing photos to managing budgets. At home and at work, we use our PCs to do almost everything. It is nearly impossible to imagine modern life without them.

  21. PC
    personal computer (PC) is a general-purpose computer, whose size, capabilities, and original sale price makes it useful for individuals, and which is intended to be operated directly by an end-user with no intervening computer operator. This contrasted with the batch processing or time-sharing models which allowed larger, more expensive minicomputer and mainframe systems to be used by many people, usually at the same time. Large data processing systems require a full-time staff to operate efficiently.
    Software applications for most personal computers include, but are not limited to, word processing, spreadsheets, databases, Web browsers and e-mail clients, digital media playback, games, and myriad personal productivity and special-purpose software applications. Modern personal computers often have connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web and a wide range of other resources. Personal computers may be connected to a local area network (LAN), either by a cable or a wireless connection. A personal computer may be a desktop computer or a laptop, tablet, or a handheld PC.

  22. SEWING MACHINE
    Elias Howe invented the first practical sewing machine. Born in Spencer, Massachusetts, he spent his childhood and early adult years in Massachusetts. He became a skilled machinist, apprenticing in a textile factory and then for a master mechanic. By April 1845, Howe had created a practical sewing machine. In a public demonstration, Howe’s invention proved to be five times faster than the swiftest hand sewers.

  23. A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally, i.e. in numerals or other symbols, as opposed to an analog clock, where the time is indicated by the positions of rotating hands.
    Digital clocks are often associated with electronic drives, but the “digital” description refers only to the display, not to the drive mechanism. (Both analog and digital clocks can be driven either mechanically or electronically, but “clockwork” mechanisms with digital displays are rare.) The biggest digital clock is the Lichtzeitpegel (“Light Time Level”) on the television tower Rheinturm Düsseldorf, Germany.

  24. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
    The Kodak name is recognized around the world for its long heritage of delivering imaging innovations.Which was invented long back during the Industrial Revolution by George Eastman, born on July 12, 1854 in the village of Waterville.Kodak is best known for photographic film products. During most of the 20th century Kodak held a dominant position in photographic film.The brand provides packaging, functional printing, graphic communications and professional services for businesses around the world. Its main business segments are Digital Printing & Enterprise and Graphics, Entertainment & Commercial Films.it has set open an industry of Digital imaging and Photography.

  25. The development and advancement of digital technologies started with one fundamental idea: The Internet2010 and beyond – By this decade, Internet makes up more than 25 percent of the world’s population. Mobile communication has also become very important, as nearly 70 percent of the world’s population owns a mobile phone. The connection between Internet websites and mobile gadgets has become a standard in communication. It is predicted that by 2015, the innovation of tablet computers will far surpass personal computers with the use of the Internet and the promise of cloud computing services. This will allow users to consume media and use business applications on their mobile devices, applications that would would otherwise be too much for such devices to handle.

    1. Automatic blood pressure monitors
      There are many different kinds of home blood pressure monitor, but it is easiest to use a monitor that is fully automatic (digital). Choose one that measures your blood pressure at your upper arm, rather than at your wrist or finger. Upper-arm blood pressure monitors usually give the most accurate and consistent results.

  26. flying shuttle, Machine that represented an important step toward automatic weaving. It was invented by John Kay in 1733. In previous looms, the shuttle was thrown, or passed, through the threads by hand, and wide fabrics required two weavers seated side by side passing the shuttle between them. Kay mounted his shuttle on wheels in a track and used paddles to shoot the shuttle from side to side when the weaver jerked a cord. Using the flying shuttle, one weaver could weave fabrics of any width more quickly than two could before.

  27. Fahrenheit Scale – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit

    What can be considered the first modern thermometer, the mercury thermometer with a standardized scale, was invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1714.
    Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was the German physicist who invented a alcohol thermometer in 1709, and the mercury thermometer in 1714. In 1724, he introduced the standard temperature scale that bears his name – Fahrenheit Scale – that was used to record changes in temperature in an accurate fashion.

  28. One of the inventions of the Industrial revolution was Robert Fulton’s “steam boat’’
    In 1807, Robert Fulton used steam power to create the first steamboat, an invention that would change the way and the speed in which
    materials could be moved between the colonies of Britain . In the beginning, the ship was more expensive to build and operate than sailing vessels, but the steamship had some advantages. It could take off under its own power and it was more steadfast in storms. A steamboat, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving propellers or paddlewheels.

  29. One of the inventions of the Industrial Revolution was, Samuel Crompton’s Crompton’s mule.Samuel Crompton combined both the spinning jenny and the water frame to create a machine known as “Crompton’s mule,” which produced large amounts of fine, strong yarn. The carriage carried up to 1320 spindles and could be 150 feet (46m]long, and would move forward and back a distance of 5 feet (1.5 m) four times a minute. It was invented between 1775 and 1779 by Samuel Crompton.
    In 1890, a typical cotton mill would have over 60 mules, each with 1,320 spindles, which would operate four times a minute for 56 hours a week.

  30. GOOGLE
    Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.
    They named their new search engine as “Backrub”, because the system checked back links to estimate the importance of a site. Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word “googol”, the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information.
    the most useful and knowledgeable invention!!

Go on... post a comment! We know you want to...